< Back

Abstract

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Pneumonia Prevention in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

VOLUME 69 - NUMBER 5 / September - October (Original articles)  doi: 10.24875/RIC.17002241

Fortino Solórzano-Santos, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México D.F, México
Lilia Espinoza-García, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Regional # 72 Tlalnepantla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tlalnepantla, Mexico City, Mexico
Glorinella Aguilar-Martínez, Centro Médico de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
Luisa Beirana-Palencia, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Ángeles, Clínica Londres, Mexico City; 5Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
Gabriela Echániz-Avilés, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Guadalupe Miranda-Novales, Medical Research Unit in Hospital Epidemiology, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, IMSS, México D.F, México

Background: A successful strategy to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infections is the administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the 7- and 13-valent PCV for the prevention of all-cause pneumonia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of children younger than 5 years of age, with congenital heart disease (CHD) and different vaccination schedules, was analyzed. History of vaccination was confirmed with verifiable records. The outcome measure was all-cause pneumonia or bronchopneumonia. Protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. For comparisons, we used inferential statistics with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test; a p ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant. Relative and absolute risks reduction and number needed to treat were also calculated. Results: A total of 348 patients were included: 196 with two or more doses of PCV (considered the vaccinated group), and 152 in the unvaccinated group. There was a statistically significant difference for pneumonia events (p < 0.001) between the vaccinated (26/196) and unvaccinated (51/152) groups. The relative risk reduction was 60.5%, and the absolute risk reduction, 20.3%. There were no differences between patients who received two, three or four doses. The number needed to vaccinate to prevent one event of pneumonia was 5 children. Conclusions: At least two doses of PCV in children with CHD reduced the risk of all-cause pneumonia.

Keywords: Congenital heart disease. Pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine.

Full Article in PDF